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Veterinary medicine and infectious diseases
Research Guide
What is Veterinary medicine and infectious diseases?
Veterinary medicine and infectious diseases is the study and management of enteric bacterial infections in animals, such as proliferative enteropathy caused by Lawsonia intracellularis and intestinal spirochetosis due to Brachyspira species, including their zoonotic risks, antimicrobial treatments like pleuromutilin antibiotics, and diagnostic methods.
This field encompasses 16,756 published works on pathogens affecting animal intestines and their potential transmission to humans. Research addresses swine dysentery, antimicrobial resistance in Brachyspira and Lawsonia intracellularis, and assays like immunoperoxidase monolayer assay for diagnosis. Growth rate over the past five years is not available in the data.
Topic Hierarchy
Research Sub-Topics
Lawsonia Intracellularis and Proliferative Enteropathy
This sub-topic covers the pathogenesis, diagnostics, and control of Lawsonia intracellularis causing proliferative enteropathy in pigs and other animals. Research includes vaccine development, antimicrobial efficacy, and epidemiology.
Brachyspira Species in Intestinal Spirochetosis
Studies investigate Brachyspira pilosicoli and hyodysenteriae in causing intestinal spirochetosis and swine dysentery, focusing on virulence factors, diagnostics, and zoonotic potential. Molecular typing tracks transmission dynamics.
Pleuromutilin Antibiotics in Veterinary Enteric Diseases
This area evaluates tiamulin and valnemulin efficacy against Lawsonia and Brachyspira infections, including pharmacokinetics, resistance emergence, and treatment protocols. Clinical trials assess outcomes in swine herds.
Antimicrobial Resistance in Enteric Veterinary Pathogens
Researchers monitor resistance patterns in Lawsonia, Brachyspira, and related swine pathogens to common antibiotics. Genomic studies identify resistance genes and transmission routes between farms.
Diagnostic Assays for Animal Enteric Spirochetes
This sub-topic develops and validates PCR, immunoperoxidase monolayer assays, and histopathology for detecting Lawsonia and Brachyspira. Sensitivity/specificity studies support herd-level surveillance.
Why It Matters
Enteric diseases like proliferative enteropathy and swine dysentery impact animal health in veterinary practice, with zoonotic transmission risks to humans requiring diagnostic and treatment strategies. Pleuromutilin antibiotics target these infections, while antimicrobial resistance complicates management. For example, Bauer et al. (1966) in "Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing by a Standardized Single Disk Method" established a method used for testing resistance in veterinary pathogens like Brachyspira, cited 18,175 times. Adler and de la Peña Moctezuma (2010) in "Leptospira and leptospirosis" detailed leptospirosis epidemiology in animals (2,269 citations), aiding control in small animal veterinary medicine.
Reading Guide
Where to Start
"Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing by a Standardized Single Disk Method" by Bauer et al. (1966), as it provides the foundational method for testing resistance in enteric veterinary pathogens like Brachyspira and Lawsonia intracellularis, essential for understanding treatment challenges.
Key Papers Explained
Bauer et al. (1966) "Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing by a Standardized Single Disk Method" establishes resistance testing protocols used in later veterinary studies. Sternberger et al. (1970) "THE UNLABELED ANTIBODY ENZYME METHOD OF IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY..." builds diagnostic capabilities for spirochetes, applied to Brachyspira detection. Adler and de la Peña Moctezuma (2010) "Leptospira and leptospirosis" extends to zoonotic leptospirosis, while Stein et al. (1952) "Diseases of swine." details swine dysentery management integrating these tools.
Paper Timeline
Most-cited paper highlighted in red. Papers ordered chronologically.
Advanced Directions
Research continues on antimicrobial resistance mechanisms in Lawsonia intracellularis and Brachyspira, with diagnostic refinements for swine dysentery. No recent preprints or news available, so frontiers remain in applying classic methods like Bauer et al. (1966) to emerging resistance patterns.
Papers at a Glance
| # | Paper | Year | Venue | Citations | Open Access |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing by a Standardized Single Dis... | 1966 | American Journal of Cl... | 18.2K | ✕ |
| 2 | THE UNLABELED ANTIBODY ENZYME METHOD OF IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY P... | 1970 | Journal of Histochemis... | 5.1K | ✓ |
| 3 | The complete genome sequence of the gastric pathogen Helicobac... | 1997 | Nature | 3.5K | ✓ |
| 4 | <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>Infection | 2002 | New England Journal of... | 3.0K | ✕ |
| 5 | Leptospira and leptospirosis | 2009 | Veterinary Microbiology | 2.3K | ✕ |
| 6 | <i>cag</i> , a pathogenicity island of <i>Helicobacter pylori,... | 1996 | Proceedings of the Nat... | 1.9K | ✕ |
| 7 | Diseases of swine. | 1952 | United States. Departm... | 1.7K | ✕ |
| 8 | 2016 updated EULAR evidence-based recommendations for the mana... | 2016 | Annals of the Rheumati... | 1.6K | ✓ |
| 9 | Helicobacter pylori Eradication to Prevent Gastric Cancer in a... | 2004 | JAMA | 1.4K | ✕ |
| 10 | Translocation of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> CagA into Gastric ... | 2000 | Science | 1.3K | ✕ |
Frequently Asked Questions
What diagnostic method identifies spirochetes in intestinal tissues?
Sternberger et al. (1970) developed the unlabeled antibody enzyme method using horseradish peroxidase-anti-horseradish peroxidase complex (PAP) for spirochete detection in tissues. This immunohistochemistry technique applies specific antiserum followed by soluble complexes, enabling precise identification without labeled antibodies. It supports diagnosis of intestinal spirochetosis by Brachyspira in veterinary samples.
How is antibiotic susceptibility tested in veterinary enteric pathogens?
Bauer et al. (1966) standardized a single disk method for antibiotic susceptibility testing applicable to pathogens like Lawsonia intracellularis and Brachyspira. The method measures inhibition zones around disks impregnated with antibiotics on agar plates inoculated with bacteria. It remains a reference for assessing resistance in swine dysentery and proliferative enteropathy treatments.
What are key features of leptospirosis in veterinary medicine?
Adler and de la Peña Moctezuma (2010) describe Leptospira as causing leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease affecting small animals with risks to humans. Transmission occurs via contaminated water or urine, leading to renal and hepatic damage in hosts. Veterinary control relies on vaccination and environmental management.
What treatments address swine diseases like dysentery?
"Diseases of swine." by Stein et al. (1952) outlines characteristics, prevention, and treatment of swine dysentery and related infections. Methods include sanitation, antibiotics such as pleuromutilins, and herd management to limit spread. These approaches reduce economic losses in pig production.
What is the role of cag in Helicobacter pylori virulence?
Censini et al. (1996) identified cag as a 40-kb pathogenicity island in Helicobacter pylori encoding type I-specific virulence factors associated with severe gastroduodenal disease. It includes cagA, present in strains linked to gastric inflammation. This informs zoonotic risk assessment for related veterinary gastric pathogens.
Open Research Questions
- ? How does antimicrobial resistance in Brachyspira species evolve under pleuromutilin antibiotic pressure in swine populations?
- ? What are the precise zoonotic transmission pathways for Lawsonia intracellularis from proliferative enteropathy cases to humans?
- ? Can immunoperoxidase monolayer assays be optimized for earlier detection of intestinal spirochetosis in small animals?
- ? What genetic factors in Leptospira enable persistence in veterinary hosts despite vaccination?
Recent Trends
The field maintains 16,756 works with no specified five-year growth rate.
Classic papers dominate citations, such as Bauer et al. with 18,175 citations on susceptibility testing for veterinary pathogens.
1966No recent preprints or news reported in the last six and twelve months, respectively, indicating stable focus on established enteric diseases like proliferative enteropathy.
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