Subtopic Deep Dive
Risk Factors for Crack Addiction
Research Guide
What is Risk Factors for Crack Addiction?
Risk factors for crack addiction identify psychosocial, genetic, and socioeconomic predictors of crack cocaine dependence initiation and persistence among adolescents, including protective factors and usage trajectories.
This subtopic analyzes profiles and prevalence of crack use in youth via epidemiological surveys and ethnographic studies. Key works include Duailibi et al. (2008, 253 citations) profiling Brazilian cocaine and crack users through literature reviews of MEDLINE and LILACS databases. Malta et al. (2011, 118 citations) report prevalence from a cluster sample of 60,973 ninth-grade students in Brazil.
Why It Matters
Identifying risk factors like early alcohol use and risk behaviors enables targeted interventions for adolescents. Pillon et al. (2005, 98 citations) link drug use to gender-specific risk behaviors in university students using Youth Risk Behavior Survey data. Oliveira and Nappo (2008, 93 citations) characterize São Paulo crack users' sociodemographic profiles from ethnographic interviews with 45 users, informing prevention in high-risk urban youth. Ribeiro et al. (2006, 121 citations) track 131 crack users over 5 years to reveal mortality patterns from detoxification admissions.
Key Research Challenges
Heterogeneity in User Profiles
Crack users show varied sociodemographic traits across regions, complicating generalized risk models. Duailibi et al. (2008) group data thematically from multiple databases but note Brazilian-specific patterns. Ribeiro et al. (2006) find distinct mortality causes in São Paulo cohorts.
Longitudinal Trajectory Modeling
Tracking initiation to persistence requires extended follow-ups amid high dropout. Ribeiro et al. (2006) followed 131 users for 5 years post-detox. Malta et al. (2011) use cross-sectional data from 60,973 adolescents, limiting trajectory insights.
Distinguishing Concurrent Use
Separating crack from powder cocaine or polydrug effects challenges risk attribution. Guindalini et al. (2006, 69 citations) compare concurrent users in São Paulo. Pillon et al. (2005) associate crack with risk behaviors in students.
Essential Papers
Profile of cocaine and crack users in Brazil
Lígia Bonacim Duailibi, Marcelo Ribeiro, Ronaldo Laranjeira · 2008 · Cadernos de Saúde Pública · 253 citations
This article aims to systematize the profile of cocaine and crack users in Brazil. The study adopted a literature review of the MEDLINE, LILACS, Cochrane Library databases and CAPES thesis/disserta...
Causes of death among crack cocaine users
Marcelo Ribeiro, John Dunn, Ricardo Sesso et al. · 2006 · Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry · 121 citations
OBJECTIVE: The study accompanied 131 crack-cocaine users over a 5-year period, and examined mortality patterns, as well as the causes of death among them. METHOD: All patients admitted to a detoxif...
Prevalência do consumo de álcool e drogas entre adolescentes: análise dos dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde Escolar
Déborah Carvalho Malta, Márcio Dênis Medeiros Mascarenhas, Denise Lopes Porto et al. · 2011 · Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia · 118 citations
OBJETIVO: Descrever a prevalência do consumo de álcool e outras drogas entre estudantes adolescentes. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal com amostra de conglomerados de 60.973 estudantes do nono ano do Ens...
The relationship between drugs use and risk behaviors in brazilian university students
Sandra Cristina Pillon, Beverley O’Brien, Ketty Aracely Piedra Chávez · 2005 · Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem · 98 citations
The aim was to describe relationships between gender and drug use as well as risk behaviors that may be associated with drug use among first-year students at the University of São Paulo-Ribeirão Pr...
Caracterização da cultura de crack na cidade de São Paulo: padrão de uso controlado
Lúcio Garcia de Oliveira, Solange Aparecida Nappo · 2008 · Revista de Saúde Pública · 93 citations
OBJETIVO: Caracterizar a situação do uso de crack na cidade de São Paulo, assim como o perfil sociodemográfico de seu usuário. PROCEDIMENTOS METODOLÓGICOS: Estudo qualitativo etnográfico com amostr...
Alcohol and drug use among university students: gender differences
Gabriela Arantes Wagner, Vladimir de Andrade Stempliuk, Monica L. Zilberman et al. · 2007 · Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry · 88 citations
OBJECTIVE: This study compared the pattern of alcohol, legal and illegal drugs use among students of the Universidade de São Paulo (Brazil) in 1996 and 2001. METHOD: Samples of 2.564 (1996) and 2.8...
Trend of the risk and protective factors of chronic diseases in adolescents, National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE 2009 e 2012)
Déborah Carvalho Malta, Marco Antonio Ratzsch de Andreazzi, Maryane Oliveira-Campos et al. · 2014 · Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia · 76 citations
OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of major risk and protection factors for chronic non-communicable diseases in school-aged children in Brazilian capitals surveyed in the National Adolescent Sch...
Reading Guide
Foundational Papers
Start with Duailibi et al. (2008, 253 citations) for user profiles via database review; Ribeiro et al. (2006, 121 citations) for cohort mortality; Malta et al. (2011, 118 citations) for adolescent prevalence survey.
Recent Advances
Malta et al. (2014, 76 citations) on PeNSE risk trends 2009-2012; Marangoni and Oliveira (2013, 76 citations) on female triggers.
Core Methods
Cross-sectional cluster surveys (PeNSE); ethnographic qualitative (n=45 users); longitudinal detoxification cohorts (5-year tracking); Youth Risk Behavior Survey adaptations.
How PapersFlow Helps You Research Risk Factors for Crack Addiction
Discover & Search
PapersFlow's Research Agent uses searchPapers and exaSearch to find Brazilian crack studies like Duailibi et al. (2008), then citationGraph reveals 253 citing works on youth profiles and findSimilarPapers uncovers Malta et al. (2011) prevalence data.
Analyze & Verify
Analysis Agent applies readPaperContent to extract risk factors from Oliveira and Nappo (2008), verifies claims with CoVe against Ribeiro et al. (2006) mortality data, and runs PythonAnalysis on PeNSE survey stats from Malta et al. (2011) for GRADE-graded prevalence correlations.
Synthesize & Write
Synthesis Agent detects gaps in adolescent-specific trajectories from Pillon et al. (2005), flags contradictions in user profiles across Duailibi et al. (2008) and Guindalini et al. (2006); Writing Agent uses latexEditText, latexSyncCitations for risk model papers, and latexCompile for intervention reports with exportMermaid diagrams of addiction pathways.
Use Cases
"What psychosocial risks predict crack initiation in Brazilian teens?"
Research Agent → searchPapers('crack addiction youth Brazil') → exaSearch(Malta 2011) → Analysis Agent → readPaperContent → runPythonAnalysis(prevalence stats) → prevalence odds ratios table.
"Draft LaTeX review of crack user profiles with citations."
Synthesis Agent → gap detection(Duailibi 2008, Oliveira 2008) → Writing Agent → latexEditText(intro) → latexSyncCitations(10 papers) → latexCompile → formatted PDF review.
"Find code for modeling crack use trajectories from papers."
Research Agent → paperExtractUrls(trajectories) → paperFindGithubRepo → Code Discovery → githubRepoInspect → runnable Python script for survival analysis.
Automated Workflows
Deep Research workflow conducts systematic review of 50+ crack papers via searchPapers chains, outputting structured report with GRADE evidence on risks from Duailibi et al. (2008). DeepScan applies 7-step analysis with CoVe checkpoints to verify trajectories in Ribeiro et al. (2006). Theorizer generates hypotheses on protective factors from Malta et al. (2011) and Pillon et al. (2005) data.
Frequently Asked Questions
What defines risk factors for crack addiction?
Psychosocial, genetic, and socioeconomic predictors of crack dependence in adolescents, per profiles in Duailibi et al. (2008). Includes initiation trajectories and protective elements from surveys like Malta et al. (2011).
What methods identify these risks?
Epidemiological cluster sampling (Malta et al., 2011, n=60,973), ethnographic interviews (Oliveira and Nappo, 2008, n=45), and longitudinal cohorts (Ribeiro et al., 2006, 5-year follow-up). Literature reviews synthesize from MEDLINE and LILACS (Duailibi et al., 2008).
What are key papers?
Duailibi et al. (2008, 253 citations) profiles users; Ribeiro et al. (2006, 121 citations) on mortality; Malta et al. (2011, 118 citations) on teen prevalence.
What open problems exist?
Modeling polydrug trajectories (Guindalini et al., 2006); scaling interventions beyond São Paulo; genetic factors absent in listed Brazilian studies.
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Part of the Youth, Drugs, and Violence Research Guide