Subtopic Deep Dive

Zoonotic Transmission of Monkeypox
Research Guide

What is Zoonotic Transmission of Monkeypox?

Zoonotic transmission of monkeypox refers to the spillover of monkeypox virus from animal reservoirs in Africa to humans through direct contact, bushmeat handling, or environmental exposure.

Researchers employ phylogenomic analysis and serosurveys to identify wildlife reservoirs like rope squirrels and giant rats. The 2017 Nigeria resurgence highlighted human-animal interfaces (Alakunle et al., 2020, 773 citations). Over 50 papers document ecological drivers and outbreak origins since 2003.

Curated Papers

Key Challenges

Why It Matters

Zoonotic insights enable wildlife management to block spillovers, as shown in US 2003 outbreak tracing to imported rodents (Hutson et al., 2007, 210 citations). One Health strategies integrate surveillance, reducing reemergence risks like Nigeria's 2017 cases (Alakunle et al., 2020). Vaccine recommendations protect high-risk workers from occupational exposures (Rao et al., 2022, 412 citations).

Key Research Challenges

Identifying Reservoir Hosts

Pinpointing exact animal reservoirs remains elusive despite serosurveys in African wildlife. Hutson et al. (2007) tested US outbreak animals but found no persistent reservoir. Eßbauer et al. (2009) reviewed zoonotic poxviruses without confirming monkeypox hosts.

Tracing Spillover Events

Phylogenomics detects microevolution but links to specific spillovers are rare. Isidro et al. (2022, 799 citations) characterized 2022 genomes yet traced no direct zoonotic source. Alakunle et al. (2020) noted Nigeria's ecology drives events without precise mechanisms.

Modeling Zoonotic Risks

Ecological drivers like deforestation complicate predictive models. Grant et al. (2020, 287 citations) modeled human-to-human but not wildlife interfaces. Щелкунов (2013, 217 citations) warned of increasing zoonotic orthopoxvirus dangers without quantitative tools.

Essential Papers

Phylogenomic characterization and signs of microevolution in the 2022 multi-country outbreak of monkeypox virus

Joana Isidro, Vítor Borges, Miguel Pinto et al. · 2022 · Nature Medicine · 799 citations

Abstract The largest monkeypox virus (MPXV) outbreak described so far in non-endemic countries was identified in May 2022 (refs. 1–6 ). In this study, shotgun metagenomics allowed the rapid reconst...

Monkeypox Virus in Nigeria: Infection Biology, Epidemiology, and Evolution

Emmanuel Alakunle, Ugo Moens, Godwin Nchinda et al. · 2020 · Viruses · 773 citations

Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease caused by monkeypox virus (MPXV), which is a member of orthopoxvirus genus. The reemergence of MPXV in 2017 (at Bayelsa state) after 39 years of no reported case in ...

Emergence of Monkeypox as the Most Important Orthopoxvirus Infection in Humans

Nikola Sklenovská, Marc Van Ranst · 2018 · Frontiers in Public Health · 632 citations

Monkeypox is an emerging zoonotic disease recognized as the most important orthopoxvirus infection in humans in the smallpox post-eradication era. The clinical presentation of monkeypox is similar ...

Poxvirus tropism

Grant McFadden · 2005 · Nature Reviews Microbiology · 494 citations

Two cases of monkeypox imported to the United Kingdom, September 2018

Aisling Vaughan, Emma Aarons, John Astbury et al. · 2018 · Eurosurveillance · 421 citations

In early September 2018, two cases of monkeypox were reported in the United Kingdom (UK), diagnosed on 7 September in Cornwall (South West England) and 11 September in Blackpool (North West England...

Use of JYNNEOS (Smallpox and Monkeypox Vaccine, Live, Nonreplicating) for Preexposure Vaccination of Persons at Risk for Occupational Exposure to Orthopoxviruses: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices — United States, 2022

Agam K. Rao, Brett W. Petersen, Florence Whitehill et al. · 2022 · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · 412 citations

Certain laboratorians and health care personnel can be exposed to orthopoxviruses through occupational activities. Because orthopoxvirus infections resulting from occupational exposures can be seri...

Monkeypox: A Comprehensive Review of Transmission, Pathogenesis, and Manifestation

Jasndeep Kaler, Azhar Hussain, Gina Flores et al. · 2022 · Cureus · 383 citations

As the fear of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic subsides, countries around the globe are now dealing with a fear of the epidemic surrounding the prevalence of monkeypox cases in var...

Reading Guide

Foundational Papers

Start with McFadden (2005, 494 citations) for poxvirus tropism basics; Eßbauer et al. (2009, 290 citations) for zoonotic mechanisms; Hutson et al. (2007, 210 citations) for empirical animal testing in outbreaks.

Recent Advances

Isidro et al. (2022, 799 citations) for 2022 phylogenomics; Alakunle et al. (2020, 773 citations) for Nigeria evolution; Rao et al. (2022, 412 citations) for prevention strategies.

Core Methods

Phylogenomic shotgun metagenomics (Isidro et al., 2022); serosurveys and virologic testing (Hutson et al., 2007); epidemiological modeling (Grant et al., 2020).

How PapersFlow Helps You Research Zoonotic Transmission of Monkeypox

Discover & Search

Research Agent uses citationGraph on Isidro et al. (2022) to map 799-cited phylogenomic links to Alakunle et al. (2020) Nigeria epidemiology. exaSearch queries 'monkeypox rope squirrel serosurveys' for African reservoir papers. findSimilarPapers expands Hutson et al. (2007) US outbreak insights.

Analyze & Verify

Analysis Agent runs readPaperContent on Alakunle et al. (2020) to extract zoonotic risk factors, then verifyResponse with CoVe against Eßbauer et al. (2009). runPythonAnalysis parses Isidro et al. (2022) phylogenomic trees via pandas for microevolution stats. GRADE grading scores evidence strength for reservoir claims.

Synthesize & Write

Synthesis Agent detects gaps in reservoir identification across Hutson et al. (2007) and Alakunle et al. (2020), flagging contradictions. Writing Agent applies latexEditText to draft One Health sections, latexSyncCitations for 10+ papers, and latexCompile for publication-ready reports. exportMermaid visualizes transmission phylogenies.

Use Cases

"Analyze 2022 monkeypox genomes for zoonotic signatures using Python."

Research Agent → searchPapers 'Isidro 2022 monkeypox phylogenomics' → Analysis Agent → readPaperContent → runPythonAnalysis (NumPy dendrogram plotting) → phylogenetic tree plot showing clade B.1 microevolution.

"Write LaTeX review on Nigeria monkeypox zoonoses with citations."

Research Agent → citationGraph 'Alakunle 2020' → Synthesis Agent → gap detection → Writing Agent → latexEditText + latexSyncCitations (Alakunle, Isidro) + latexCompile → formatted PDF with ecology figures.

"Find code for monkeypox serosurvey statistical models."

Research Agent → searchPapers 'monkeypox serosurvey analysis' → Code Discovery → paperExtractUrls → paperFindGithubRepo → githubRepoInspect → R script for prevalence modeling from African wildlife data.

Automated Workflows

Deep Research workflow scans 50+ papers via searchPapers on 'monkeypox zoonotic Africa', structures report with GRADE-scored reservoir evidence from Alakunle et al. (2020). DeepScan applies 7-step CoVe to verify Isidro et al. (2022) phylogenomics against Hutson et al. (2007). Theorizer generates hypotheses on ecological drivers from Eßbauer et al. (2009) and Grant et al. (2020).

Try Doxa for Zoonotic Transmission of Monkeypox Research

Frequently Asked Questions

What defines zoonotic transmission of monkeypox?

Spillover from African wildlife reservoirs like rodents to humans via contact or bushmeat, traced by phylogenetics (Isidro et al., 2022).

What methods trace monkeypox origins?

Phylogenomic reconstruction via shotgun metagenomics (Isidro et al., 2022) and serosurveys in animals (Hutson et al., 2007).

What are key papers on monkeypox zoonoses?

Alakunle et al. (2020, 773 citations) on Nigeria epidemiology; Eßbauer et al. (2009, 290 citations) on zoonotic poxviruses; Hutson et al. (2007, 210 citations) on US outbreak animals.