Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
Research Guide

The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) is a self-administered questionnaire developed by Murray W. Johns (1991) to measure general daytime sleepiness in adults. One hundred and eighty adults, including 30 normals, completed it, demonstrating its utility in assessing sleepiness levels. "A New Method for Measuring Daytime Sleepiness: The Epworth Sleepiness Scale" (1991) validated its simplicity and effectiveness.

Terry Young et al. (1993) found high prevalence of undiagnosed sleep-disordered breathing among middle-aged men and higher than expected in women, associated with daytime hypersomnolence. P. E. Peppard et al. (2013) updated estimates due to obesity trends, confirming increased prevalence. "The Occurrence of Sleep-Disordered Breathing among Middle-Aged Adults" (1993) reported rates much higher than previously suspected.

The AASM Manual by Conrad Iber et al. (2007) provides rules, terminology, and specifications for scoring sleep and associated events. Richard B. Berry et al. (2012) updated these rules for respiratory events in sleep. "Rules for Scoring Respiratory Events in Sleep: Update of the 2007 AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events" (2012) refined clinical research techniques.

Paul E. Peppard et al. (2000) identified a dose-response link between baseline sleep-disordered breathing and hypertension four years later, independent of confounders. This positions sleep-disordered breathing as a risk factor for hypertension. "Prospective Study of the Association between Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Hypertension" (2000) supports targeted interventions.

Adam Benjafield et al. (2019) estimated global prevalence and burden through literature analysis. Terry Young et al. (2002) detailed epidemiology, noting high undiagnosed rates and morbidity even in mild cases. "Estimation of the global prevalence and burden of obstructive sleep apnoea: a literature-based analysis" (2019) quantifies impacts worldwide.