Subtopic Deep Dive
Perilla frutescens Anti-inflammatory Effects
Research Guide
What is Perilla frutescens Anti-inflammatory Effects?
Perilla frutescens anti-inflammatory effects refer to the suppression of inflammatory responses by its extracts and compounds like luteolin and rosmarinic acid through NF-κB inhibition and cytokine modulation in allergy and arthritis models.
Research spans in vitro TNF-α suppression and in vivo allergy inhibition using perilla leaf extracts (Ueda et al., 2002, 286 citations). Key constituents include luteolin for anti-allergic activity (Makino et al., 2003, 135 citations) and rosmarinic acid for broader inflammation control (Luo et al., 2020, 302 citations). Over 10 key papers document these effects since 2001.
Why It Matters
Perilla frutescens extracts reduce Type-I allergy symptoms in mice via oral administration of luteolin-rich fractions (Makino et al., 2001, 84 citations). Rosmarinic acid from Perilla modulates chronic inflammatory diseases like arthritis by balancing mediators (Luo et al., 2020). These properties support nutraceutical development for allergy and inflammation management (Ahmed, 2018, 245 citations; Asif, 2011, 265 citations).
Key Research Challenges
Standardizing Active Compounds
Variation in luteolin and rosmarinic acid levels depends on growth conditions like photon flux and nutrient conductivity (Lü et al., 2017, 94 citations). This affects reproducible anti-inflammatory efficacy across studies. Standardization protocols remain underdeveloped.
Translating In Vivo to Clinical
Mouse models show allergy suppression by perilla extracts (Ueda et al., 2002, 286 citations), but human trials lack scale. Mechanisms like NF-κB inhibition need validation in clinical inflammation (Makino et al., 2003, 135 citations).
Isolating Synergistic Effects
Whole extracts outperform single compounds like luteolin in TNF-α reduction, indicating synergies (Ueda et al., 2002). Fractionation challenges persist for identifying optimal combinations (Hou et al., 2022, 131 citations).
Essential Papers
A Review of the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Rosmarinic Acid on Inflammatory Diseases
Chunxu Luo, Lin Zou, Huijun Sun et al. · 2020 · Frontiers in Pharmacology · 302 citations
Inflammatory diseases are caused by abnormal immune responses and are characterized by an imbalance of inflammatory mediators and cells. In recent years, the anti-inflammatory activity of natural p...
Luteolin as an Anti-inflammatory and Anti-allergic Constituent of Perilla frutescens.
Hiroshi Ueda, Chikako Yamazaki, Masatoshi Yamazaki · 2002 · Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin · 286 citations
Oral administration of the perilla leaf extract (PLE) to mice inhibits inflammation, allergic response, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production. We also found that PLE suppressed the tumor necro...
Health effects of omega-3,6,9 fatty acids: Perilla frutescens is a good example of plant oils
Mohammad Asif · 2011 · Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine · 265 citations
Ethnomedicinal, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Investigations of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.
Hiwa M. Ahmed · 2018 · Molecules · 245 citations
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. (PF) is an annual herbal medicinal, aromatic, functional food, and ornamental plant that belongs to the mint family, Lamiaceae. The origin of perilla traces back to E...
Rosmarinic Acid – Pharmaceutical and Clinical Aspects
Solomon Kweku Sagoe Amoah, Louis P. Sandjo, Jadel M. Kratz et al. · 2016 · Planta Medica · 220 citations
The biosynthesis and biotechnological production of Rosmarinic acid, a phenolic ester that is widespread in the plant kingdom, has been widely investigated. This compound has shown many remarkable ...
Anti‐allergic effect of <i>Perilla frutescens </i>and its active constituents
Toshiaki Makino, Yasuyuki Furuta, Hannosuke Wakushima et al. · 2003 · Phytotherapy Research · 135 citations
Abstract The leaves of Perilla frutescens Britton (Labiatae) are one of the most popular garnishes in Japan, used as an antidote for fish and crab meat allergy or as a food colorant. The present stu...
Perilla frutescens: A Rich Source of Pharmacological Active Compounds
Tianyu Hou, Vasudeva Reddy Netala, Hongjiao Zhang et al. · 2022 · Molecules · 131 citations
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton, an important pharmaceutical and nutraceutical crop, is widely cultivated in East Asian countries. In this review, we present the latest research findings on the phy...
Reading Guide
Foundational Papers
Start with Ueda et al. (2002, 286 citations) for luteolin's core anti-inflammatory role in perilla extracts, then Makino et al. (2003, 135 citations) and Makino et al. (2001, 84 citations) for allergy models establishing in vivo efficacy.
Recent Advances
Hou et al. (2022, 131 citations) reviews pharmacological compounds; Luo et al. (2020, 302 citations) details rosmarinic acid mechanisms; Ahmed (2018, 245 citations) covers ethnomedicinal context.
Core Methods
In vivo mouse allergy via oral extracts (Makino et al., 2001); in vitro TNF-α assays (Ueda et al., 2002); metabolite accumulation under controlled light/nutrients (Lü et al., 2017).
How PapersFlow Helps You Research Perilla frutescens Anti-inflammatory Effects
Discover & Search
Research Agent uses searchPapers with query 'Perilla frutescens luteolin NF-κB inflammation' to retrieve Ueda et al. (2002, 286 citations), then citationGraph maps 50+ citing works on allergy models, and findSimilarPapers expands to rosmarinic acid synergies from Luo et al. (2020). exaSearch uncovers low-citation clinical translation studies.
Analyze & Verify
Analysis Agent applies readPaperContent to extract cytokine data from Makino et al. (2003), verifies NF-κB claims via verifyResponse (CoVe) against Ueda et al. (2002), and runs PythonAnalysis to plot dose-response curves from in vivo mouse data using pandas/matplotlib. GRADE grading scores evidence as moderate for allergy models.
Synthesize & Write
Synthesis Agent detects gaps in clinical trials beyond mouse models, flags contradictions in rosmarinic acid dosing between Luo et al. (2020) and Amoah et al. (2016), and generates exportMermaid diagrams of inflammation pathways. Writing Agent uses latexEditText for methods sections, latexSyncCitations for 10+ references, and latexCompile for a review manuscript.
Use Cases
"Extract and plot TNF-α inhibition data from Perilla frutescens papers"
Research Agent → searchPapers → Analysis Agent → readPaperContent (Ueda 2002) → runPythonAnalysis (pandas plot of dose-responses) → matplotlib figure of suppression curves.
"Draft LaTeX review on Perilla anti-allergy mechanisms"
Synthesis Agent → gap detection → Writing Agent → latexEditText (pathway description) → latexSyncCitations (Makino 2003, Ueda 2002) → latexCompile → PDF with diagrams.
"Find code for Perilla metabolite analysis from papers"
Research Agent → paperExtractUrls (Lü 2017) → paperFindGithubRepo → githubRepoInspect → runPythonAnalysis on secondary metabolite flux models.
Automated Workflows
Deep Research workflow scans 50+ Perilla papers via searchPapers → citationGraph → structured report on anti-inflammatory trends with GRADE scores. DeepScan applies 7-step CoVe to verify luteolin efficacy claims from Ueda et al. (2002) against recent citations. Theorizer generates hypotheses on rosmarinic acid synergies for arthritis from Luo et al. (2020) and Hou et al. (2022).
Frequently Asked Questions
What defines Perilla frutescens anti-inflammatory effects?
Suppression of inflammation via luteolin and rosmarinic acid inhibiting TNF-α and NF-κB in vitro and allergy models in vivo (Ueda et al., 2002; Luo et al., 2020).
What are key methods in this research?
Oral perilla leaf extract administration in mice for Type-I allergy (Makino et al., 2001), in vitro TNF-α production assays, and growth optimization for metabolites (Lü et al., 2017).
What are the most cited papers?
Ueda et al. (2002, 286 citations) on luteolin; Luo et al. (2020, 302 citations) on rosmarinic acid; Asif (2011, 265 citations) on fatty acids.
What open problems exist?
Clinical translation from mouse models, compound standardization under varying growth conditions, and synergy identification in extracts (Hou et al., 2022; Lü et al., 2017).
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