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Cardiac tumors and thrombi
Research Guide
What is Cardiac tumors and thrombi?
Cardiac tumors and thrombi refer to primary and metastatic neoplasms within the heart, such as myxomas and sarcomas, alongside thrombi like left ventricular thrombus, distinguished through imaging and managed via antithrombotic therapy or surgical intervention.
This field encompasses 46,119 papers on diagnosis, management, and molecular features of cardiac tumors including primary cardiac neoplasms and pulmonary artery sarcoma, as well as left ventricular thrombus. Key imaging techniques discussed include echocardiography and MRI for evaluating cardiac masses. Genetic aspects cover mutations like PRKAR1A in Carney complex and prothrombotic mutations elevating thrombosis risk in cancer patients.
Topic Hierarchy
Research Sub-Topics
Cardiac Myxomas
This sub-topic covers the most common primary cardiac tumors, their surgical resection, and embolic complications. Researchers study histopathological features, recurrence rates, and Carney complex associations.
Left Ventricular Thrombus
Studies focus on thrombus formation post-myocardial infarction, detection via echocardiography, and anticoagulation strategies. Research evaluates risk stratification and novel imaging for thrombus resolution.
PRKAR1A Mutations in Carney Complex
This sub-topic investigates protein kinase A regulatory subunit mutations causing cardiac myxomas and endocrine tumors. Genetic screening, phenotype-genotype correlations, and signaling pathway disruptions are examined.
Cardiac Tumor Imaging
Researchers compare echocardiography, cardiac MRI, and CT for differentiating tumors from thrombi or vegetations. Multimodality protocols and radiomics for malignancy prediction are developed.
Pulmonary Artery Sarcoma
This rare tumor mimics chronic thromboembolic disease; studies cover diagnosis delays, multimodal therapy, and prognostic factors. Molecular profiling and pulmonary endarterectomy outcomes are analyzed.
Why It Matters
Cardiac tumors and thrombi impact patient outcomes in cardiology through risks of embolism, obstruction, and arrhythmias, with antithrombotic therapy guiding VTE management as detailed in "Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease" (Kearon et al., 2016), which addresses prevention in cardiac contexts. Cancer patients face heightened venous thrombosis risk, especially in the first months post-diagnosis and with metastases, amplified by factor V Leiden and prothrombin 20210A mutations, per Blom (2005). Recurrent venous thromboembolism occurs more frequently during anticoagulant treatment in cancer patients with thrombosis, as shown in Prandoni et al. (2002), affecting 12% with recurrence versus 4% without cancer. The 2015 WHO classification in "Introduction to The 2015 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus, and Heart" (Travis et al., 2015) standardizes cardiac tumor pathology, aiding precise diagnosis in surgical cases like atrial fibrillation stroke prevention via appendage obliteration (Blackshear and Odell, 1996).
Reading Guide
Where to Start
"Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease" (Kearon et al., 2016) provides foundational guidance on managing thrombi relevant to cardiac contexts, ideal for initial understanding before tumor-specific pathology.
Key Papers Explained
"Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease" (Kearon et al., 2016) establishes VTE treatment principles applicable to cardiac thrombi. Blom (2005) builds on this by quantifying prothrombotic mutation risks in cancer, linking to cardiac metastasis. Prandoni et al. (2002) extends to recurrence rates during therapy, informing cardiac management. "Introduction to The 2015 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus, and Heart" (Travis et al., 2015) connects pathology to these thrombi via tumor-thrombosis overlap. Blackshear and Odell (1996) applies prevention surgically in atrial fibrillation.
Paper Timeline
Most-cited paper highlighted in red. Papers ordered chronologically.
Advanced Directions
Field centers on imaging differentiation of thrombi from tumors and genetic profiling in Carney complex, with no recent preprints or news shifting focus. Emphasis remains on echocardiography/MRI integration with WHO classifications for primary neoplasms.
Papers at a Glance
| # | Paper | Year | Venue | Citations | Open Access |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease | 2016 | CHEST Journal | 4.7K | ✕ |
| 2 | Pathology of the Vulnerable Plaque | 2006 | Journal of the America... | 2.2K | ✕ |
| 3 | Hypoxia in cancer: significance and impact on clinical outcome | 2007 | Cancer and Metastasis ... | 2.2K | ✕ |
| 4 | Pazopanib for metastatic soft-tissue sarcoma (PALETTE): a rand... | 2012 | The Lancet | 2.0K | ✓ |
| 5 | Malignancies, Prothrombotic Mutations, and the Risk of Venous ... | 2005 | JAMA | 1.9K | ✕ |
| 6 | Clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension | 2004 | Journal of the America... | 1.9K | ✓ |
| 7 | Prognostic Factors in High-Grade Osteosarcoma of the Extremiti... | 2002 | Journal of Clinical On... | 1.9K | ✕ |
| 8 | Introduction to The 2015 World Health Organization Classificat... | 2015 | Journal of Thoracic On... | 1.9K | ✕ |
| 9 | Recurrent venous thromboembolism and bleeding complications du... | 2002 | Blood | 1.8K | ✓ |
| 10 | Appendage obliteration to reduce stroke in cardiac surgical pa... | 1996 | The Annals of Thoracic... | 1.6K | ✕ |
Frequently Asked Questions
What imaging techniques evaluate cardiac tumors and thrombi?
Echocardiography and MRI serve as primary tools for assessing cardiac masses, tumors, and thrombi like left ventricular thrombus. These methods differentiate neoplasms from clots based on features such as mobility and vascularity. Accurate imaging guides management decisions in primary cardiac neoplasms and pulmonary artery sarcoma.
How do prothrombotic mutations affect thrombosis risk in cancer patients?
Cancer patients exhibit highly increased venous thrombosis risk, particularly in the first months after diagnosis and with distant metastases. Carriers of factor V Leiden and prothrombin 20210A mutations face even higher risk, as reported by Blom (2005). This informs antithrombotic strategies in cardiac contexts.
What is the recurrence rate of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients on anticoagulants?
Patients with cancer and venous thrombosis experience higher recurrent venous thromboembolism and bleeding during anticoagulant treatment. Prandoni et al. (2002) found recurrence in a small proportion, occurring more frequently than in non-cancer patients. This underscores tailored antithrombotic approaches like those in Kearon et al. (2016).
What genetic mutations are associated with cardiac tumors?
PRKAR1A gene mutations link to Carney complex, featuring cardiac myxomas as primary neoplasms. These mutations contribute to tumor development in the heart. Diagnosis involves genetic testing alongside imaging.
How does the WHO classification apply to cardiac tumors?
The 2015 WHO classification in "Introduction to The 2015 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus, and Heart" (Travis et al., 2015) standardizes tumors of the heart. It aids pathologic diagnosis of primary cardiac neoplasms and metastatic involvement. This framework supports clinical and surgical management.
What role does atrial appendage obliteration play in cardiac patients?
Appendage obliteration reduces stroke risk in cardiac surgical patients with atrial fibrillation, as per Blackshear and Odell (1996). It addresses thrombus formation sites. This procedure integrates with broader antithrombotic therapy for VTE.
Open Research Questions
- ? How can imaging modalities like echocardiography and MRI better differentiate cardiac thrombi from tumors in real-time clinical settings?
- ? What is the precise interaction between PRKAR1A mutations in Carney complex and thrombus formation risk?
- ? Which antithrombotic regimens optimize outcomes for cancer patients with left ventricular thrombi and recurrent VTE?
- ? How do WHO classifications predict prognosis for pulmonary artery sarcoma versus other primary cardiac neoplasms?
- ? What factors beyond prothrombotic mutations contribute to venous thrombosis in metastatic cardiac involvement?
Recent Trends
The cluster holds 46,119 works with no specified 5-year growth rate.
No recent preprints or news in the last 12 months indicate steady focus on established papers like Kearon et al. for antithrombotic therapy and Travis et al. (2015) for tumor classification, without new disruptions.
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